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Periodic table’s seventh row finally filled as four new elements are added

元素周期表再添四名新成員 化學(xué)課本將要改寫(xiě)

Four new elements have been added to the periodic table, finally completing the table’s seventh row and rendering science textbooks around the world instantly out of date.

元素周期表將要新添四名新成員，第七行將獲完整，而這將使全世界的化學(xué)教材瞬間成為過(guò)去時(shí)。

The elements, discovered by scientists in Japan, Russia and America, are the first to be added to the table since 2011, when elements 114 and 116 were added.

由日本、俄羅斯和美國(guó)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)的元素是既2011年114和116號(hào)元素加入周期表以來(lái)首批加入的元素。

The four were verified on 30 December by the US-based International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the global organisation that governs chemical nomenclature, terminology and measurement.

這四個(gè)元素由位于美國(guó)的國(guó)際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)于12月30日證實(shí)，這個(gè)世界性的組織負(fù)責(zé)著化學(xué)界的命名法、術(shù)語(yǔ)和測(cè)量。

IUPAC announced that a Russian-American team of scientists at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California had produced sufficient evidence to claim the discovery of elements 115, 117 and 118.

國(guó)際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)宣稱(chēng)，一支由俄羅斯杜布納聯(lián)合原子核研究所與美國(guó)加利福尼亞勞倫斯利弗莫爾國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室的美俄科學(xué)家組成的隊(duì)伍已掌握了充分的證據(jù)來(lái)證實(shí)115號(hào)、117號(hào)和118號(hào)元素。

The body awarded credit for the discovery of element 113, which had also been claimed by the Russians and Americans, to a team of scientists from the Riken institute in Japan.

俄羅斯和美國(guó)的科學(xué)家們還宣布發(fā)現(xiàn)了113號(hào)元素，聯(lián)合會(huì)把這一榮譽(yù)授予日本理化研究所的科學(xué)家隊(duì)伍。

Kosuke Morita, who was leading the research at Riken, said his team now planned to “look to the unchartered territory of element 119 and beyond.”

理化研究所的Kosuke Morita是這次研究的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，他說(shuō)他們的隊(duì)伍正計(jì)劃“探索119號(hào)元素尚未開(kāi)墾的領(lǐng)域以及其他領(lǐng)域。”

Ryoji Noyori, former Riken president and Nobel laureate in chemistry said: “To scientists, this is of greater value than an Olympic gold medal”.

研究所前主席和諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者野依良治表示：“對(duì)于科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)，這比獲得奧運(yùn)金牌的價(jià)值還要重大。”

The elements, which currently bear placeholder names, will be officially named by the teams that discovered them in the coming months. Element 113 will be the first element to be named in Asia.

現(xiàn)在這幾個(gè)元素還是無(wú)名氏，接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)月，它們的發(fā)現(xiàn)者隊(duì)伍將會(huì)正式為其命名，113號(hào)元素將是第一個(gè)在亞洲命名的元素。

“The chemistry community is eager to see its most cherished table finally being completed down to the seventh row,” said Professor Jan Reedijk, president of the Inorganic Chemistry Division of IUPAC.

國(guó)際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)無(wú)機(jī)化學(xué)部門(mén)主席Jan Reedijk發(fā)表聲明稱(chēng)，“化學(xué)界都急迫地想看到，他們最珍視的周期表能完整到第7排。”

“IUPAC has now initiated the process of formalising names and symbols for these elements temporarily named as ununtrium, (Uut or element 113), ununpentium (Uup, element 115), ununseptium (Uus, element 117), and ununoctium (Uuo, element 118).”

國(guó)際純粹與應(yīng)用化學(xué)聯(lián)合會(huì)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開(kāi)始為這些元素正式命名并賦予符號(hào)。它們現(xiàn)在暫時(shí)被稱(chēng)為Uut(113號(hào)元素)、Uup(115號(hào)元素)、Uus(117號(hào)元素)和Uuo(118號(hào)元素)。

New elements can be named after a mythological concept, a mineral, a place or country, a property or a scientist.

新元素可以依據(jù)某一虛擬概念、礦物或者按發(fā)現(xiàn)地點(diǎn)、發(fā)現(xiàn)者的國(guó)家或者由元素的特性或某個(gè)科學(xué)家來(lái)命名。

The four new elements, all of which are man-made, were discovered by slamming lighter ?nuclei into each other and tracking the following decay of the radioactive superheavy elements.

這四個(gè)新元素都是人造的，是由火花與原子核相互撞擊并且循著放射性超重元素衰變的軌跡而發(fā)現(xiàn)的。

Like other superheavy elements that populate the end of the periodic table, they only exist for fractions of a second before decaying into other elements.

就像其他超重元素都位于周期表最后，在它們衰變?yōu)槠渌�元素之前，僅僅在一秒鐘內(nèi)分級(jí)存在。