2017考研英語：長(zhǎng)難句把握五個(gè)拆分信號(hào)

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考研英語長(zhǎng)難句，其實(shí)不管句子多長(zhǎng)，結(jié)構(gòu)多么復(fù)雜，看起來多難，無外乎是由英語中的8種句子成分(即：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語、定語、狀語、同位語)組合而成，或者說是在英語中的5種基本句型(即：主謂結(jié)構(gòu)、主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)、主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)、主謂賓賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu))的框架之上添加修飾成分?jǐn)U展而來的，所以只要掌握了長(zhǎng)難句拆分的方法，再長(zhǎng)再難的句子就都迎刃而解了。怎么拆分呢?其實(shí)是有一些信號(hào)大家可以把握住的，下面就談?wù)勥@些拆分信號(hào)，并通過實(shí)例告訴大家如何拆分。

考研英語長(zhǎng)難句拆分信號(hào)：

1、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：

比如，2個(gè)逗號(hào)形成插入語，破折號(hào)表示解釋說明，分號(hào)相當(dāng)于“and”表示并列;

2、連詞：

并列句的并列連詞and、or、but、yet、for等，從句的從屬連詞which、that、when、how、if等;

3、介詞：

介詞引導(dǎo)介詞短語，介詞短語在句子中可充當(dāng)定語、狀語等修飾成分;

4、不定式符號(hào)to：

不定式符號(hào)to引導(dǎo)不定式短語，在句子中除了可以充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、補(bǔ)語等主干成分外，還可做定語、狀語等修飾成分;

5、分詞：

分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，在句子中可充當(dāng)定語和狀語修飾成分。

下面我們就按照長(zhǎng)難句拆分原則，依照這些拆分信號(hào)，結(jié)合考研英語閱讀或翻譯真題中的長(zhǎng)難句進(jìn)行實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練一下吧!

1、This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

(1)句子拆分

拆分點(diǎn)：從屬連詞、介詞、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

This trend began ∥during the Second World War, ∥ when several governments came to the conclusion ∥that the specific demands ∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen ∥in detail.

(2)句子結(jié)構(gòu)

找謂語動(dòng)詞(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);

↓

找連詞(when, that, that)

↓

前面沒有從屬連詞的動(dòng)詞即為主句的謂語動(dòng)詞

↓

確定主從句

主句：This trend began during the Second World War ;

從句：定語從句when several governments came to the conclusion修飾the Second World War，本從句嵌套著一個(gè)二級(jí)從句即同位語從句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修飾conclusion和一個(gè)三級(jí)從句that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。

(3)解析

during the Second World War介詞短語做狀語;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 做定語修飾the Second World War ;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位語從句修飾conclusion ;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。

(4)本句的參考譯文

這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出結(jié)論：政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的要求通常是無法詳盡預(yù)見的。

總之，只要考生對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)有個(gè)透徹的理解，弄清句子的各個(gè)成分，并可以借助連詞、介詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞等手段把句子由簡(jiǎn)單變得復(fù)雜，由復(fù)雜變得簡(jiǎn)單，這樣句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析技能提高了，長(zhǎng)難句也就攻克了，對(duì)于考研閱讀和翻譯的理解也就簡(jiǎn)單了。