2018考研英語寫作：七大常見語法錯(cuò)誤

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考研英語寫作一直以來都是廣大考研考生在考研英語復(fù)習(xí)中的一大難點(diǎn)，考場上40分鐘的寫作，時(shí)間非常緊張，好多同學(xué)在寫完之后就置之不理，導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)一些基本的語法錯(cuò)誤，因此影響整篇文章的質(zhì)量而被扣分。在此建議大家在寫完之后至少要留出兩三分鐘的時(shí)間把文章通讀一遍，進(jìn)行必要的語法修改。今天，我們主要針對(duì)常見的考生易犯的英語語法錯(cuò)誤，給大家進(jìn)行寫作方面的指導(dǎo)，希望大家都能在寫作方便取得理想的成績。

1.檢查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是否有錯(cuò)。

例 1：

a) We college students had enough time to take a parttime job, no matter how busy we were ...

b) We college students have enough time to take a parttime job, no matter how busy we are ...

命題作文一般都是議論文，而寫議論文所采用的時(shí)態(tài)一般都是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。只有在舉例或提到過去的事時(shí)才會(huì)用到過去時(shí)態(tài)。

例 2：

a) Riding bicycles had more advantages than taking a bus.

b) Riding bicycles has more advantages than taking a bus.

考生中用過去時(shí)寫作與他們教材課文體裁(大多為敘述文、說明文)和平時(shí)寫作練習(xí)(大多寫個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的故事)有關(guān)，也與他們過度概括有關(guān)，認(rèn)為所有文章都用過去時(shí)。

例 3:

a) There are so many countries using English that it had been regarded as an international language.

b) There are so many countries using English that it has been regarded as an international language.

注意：在論述同一事情，即發(fā)生在同一時(shí)間里的事時(shí)，前后半句或相鄰的幾句在時(shí)態(tài)上要保持一致。

2.檢查主語和謂語、名詞和代詞、以及人稱是否保持一致。

例 4：

a) The eating habit of Chinese people have changed in the past decade.

b) The eating habit of Chinese people has changed in the past decade.

注意：不管主語和謂語隔開多遠(yuǎn)，主語當(dāng)中還有修飾成分，謂語要和真正的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。

例 5：

a) Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when it is in season.

b) Now fruits and vegetables can be seen everywhere when they are in season.

例 6：

a) I feel proud to come to our university.

b) I feel proud to come to this university.

注意：our和主語 I不一致，或把 our改成 my，或改成 this。而這里用 this 較妥。

3. 檢查修飾語是否放在正確的位置上。

例1：

a) Without television, people can't get information which comes from other parts of the world immediately.

b) Without television, people can't immediately get information which comes from other parts of the world.

分析：a) 句子中，immediately 顯然放錯(cuò)了位置。是"得到迅速從各地傳來的消息"，還是"迅速得到從各地傳來的消息"?意思含糊不清。

例2：

a) At the age of six, my father began to give me English lessons.

b) When I was five years old, my father began to give me English lessons.

分析：a) 句子，At the age of six 放在這個(gè)位置上，變成了"我父親六歲的時(shí)候"。改變說法，可以解決這個(gè)問題。

例 3:

a) To improve one's writing skill, regular practice is necessary.

b) To improve one's writing skill, one must make regular practice.

分析：不定式短語的邏輯主語決不是regular practice，為了把邏輯關(guān)系表達(dá)清楚，要么把不定式短語改成If one wants to improve his writing skill，要么把主句改成one must make regular practice.

4.表示相同的意思，檢查是否使用了平行語法結(jié)構(gòu)。

例 4：

a) With the computer, one can do shopping, banking and read at home.

b) With the computer, one can do shopping, banking and reading at home.

分析：can do shopping, banking and read at home, 用語法平行結(jié)構(gòu)來衡量，用動(dòng)詞原形 read是不妥的，為了和 do shopping, do banking 保持結(jié)構(gòu)上平行，接下來的一個(gè)內(nèi)容要用do reading.

例 5：

a) Nowadays, people not only eat enough food, but also eat better.

b) Nowadays, people not only eat more, but also eat better.

用 not only...but also, both...and, whether...or, either...or, as well as, along with等能連接兩個(gè)成分的連詞，前后兩個(gè)成分在結(jié)構(gòu)上要保持一致。用 eat enough food, eat better不如用 eat more, eat better，都用副詞。

5. 用代詞時(shí)，檢查指代關(guān)系是否清楚。

例1：

a) Sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden theyhave to bear.

b) Sometimes a teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear.

分析：they 既可指代teachers, 也可指代 students，明顯的是指代不清。其實(shí)只要把其中一個(gè)名詞變成單數(shù)，用he和 they分別代不同的名詞，就清楚了。因?yàn)?a teacher也可泛指所有教師。

例2：

a) Someone believes that the teacher's task is to give students knowledge, which may not be true.

b) Someone believes that the teacher's task is to give students knowledge, a notion which may not be true.

分析：which指代什么不清楚，指 knowledge，還是指前面整個(gè)句子?如果指 Someone believes，最好用 a notion或an idea歸納一下整個(gè)句子的意思，然后引出從句。

例3：

a) People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but it often proves useless.

b) People have been fighting against the influence of TV commercials, but the effort often proves useless.

分析：it 指什么?如指influence，則在 it often proves useless 這個(gè)句子中顯然不通。寫作人知道it指人們的努力，但effort 這個(gè)詞前面沒有出現(xiàn)過，就不能用it。

6. 相鄰的句子，檢查是否避免了不必要的結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變

例4：

a) While we reuce the number of vehicles, the speed of traffic can be increased.

b) While the number of vehiles is reduced, the speed of traffic is increased.

注意：兩個(gè)非常相關(guān)的意思，不要一個(gè)使用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，一個(gè)使用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。

7.檢查可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞是否用得正確

例5：

a) TV presents us with many useful informations.

b) TV presents us with a lot of useful information.

分析：還有evidence, advice, knowledge等都是不可數(shù)名詞，都不能用復(fù)數(shù)。另外， many, a great number of, another, few 等只能與可數(shù)名詞配用。而a great amount of, a great deal of, less, much, 等應(yīng)與不可數(shù)名詞配用。

例6：

a) Making our cities greener is not an easy work.

b) Making our cities greener is not an easy job.

分析：work 用作可數(shù)名詞是"作品"這類意思，而表示"工作"時(shí)，不可數(shù)。同樣，在 Word has been sent out that those who cheat on exams will be punished.這個(gè)句子中，要用單數(shù)word表示"信息"。

在限時(shí)、緊張的寫作中，出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，尤其是語言上的錯(cuò)誤是不可避免的。如果把這些錯(cuò)誤留在那里，不得到改正，就會(huì)影響整篇文章的質(zhì)量。閱卷人雖然不大會(huì)按你文章中語言錯(cuò)誤的累計(jì)數(shù)目進(jìn)行扣分，但錯(cuò)誤，尤其是一些幼稚的錯(cuò)誤，會(huì)給閱卷人員留下不好的印象，從而影響文章的分?jǐn)?shù)。因此建議大家在寫完之后務(wù)必要對(duì)自己的寫作進(jìn)行檢查，修改基本語法錯(cuò)誤。