2016考研英語(yǔ)精品閱讀：英國(guó)私立學(xué)校的沒(méi)落

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BRITAIN'S private schools are one of its mostsuccessful exports. The children of the well-heeled flock to them, whether from China, Nigeriaor Russia: the number of foreign pupils rose by 1.4% in the last year alone. One headmasterrecently asked a room full of pupils whether they flew business class to Britain. Only a fewhands went up, suggesting they were not quite as cosseted as he had thought. Then a boyexplained: many of the pupils fly first class instead.

英國(guó)的私立學(xué)�？梢哉f(shuō)是英國(guó)最成功的“出口商品”之一。在這些學(xué)校里，無(wú)論是來(lái)自中國(guó)、尼日利亞或是俄羅斯，富有的學(xué)生比比皆是：僅去年一年，留學(xué)生的數(shù)量就增長(zhǎng)了1.4%。最近有一位校長(zhǎng)查訪了一間滿寢的宿舍，并詢問(wèn)他們是否乘坐商務(wù)客艙飛到英國(guó)。寥寥無(wú)幾的人舉起了手，以表明實(shí)際上他們并不像他所想的那樣?jì)缮鷳T養(yǎng)。隨后一名男孩解釋道：許多學(xué)生都沒(méi)有乘坐頭等艙。

Yet foreign students, whether educated in British private schools or elsewhere, are decreasinglylikely to go to English universities. According to the Higher Education Funding Council forEngland, 307,200 overseas students began their studies in the country in 2012-13, down from312,000 two years earlier and the first drop in 29 years. Student numbers from the rest of theEU fell—probably a result of the increase in annual tuition fees in England from 6,000 (10,000)a year to 9,000. But arrivals from India and Pakistan declined most sharply.

然而這些留學(xué)生，無(wú)論是在英國(guó)的私立學(xué)校還是在別的教育機(jī)構(gòu)接受教育的，進(jìn)入英國(guó)的大學(xué)求學(xué)的可能性都在不斷減小。根據(jù)英國(guó)高等教育撥款局的調(diào)查，相較于上一學(xué)年的31.2萬(wàn)人，在2012-13學(xué)年選擇在英格蘭大學(xué)求學(xué)的留學(xué)生只有30.72萬(wàn)人，這是29年來(lái)人數(shù)首降。而且歐盟中其他國(guó)家的留學(xué)生人數(shù)也在下降，極有可能是受到了英國(guó)每年的學(xué)費(fèi)從6,000 (10,000)增加到9,000的影響。特別是來(lái)自印度和巴基斯坦的人數(shù)在急劇下降。

In contrast to the visa regime for private schools, which is extremely lax (the Home Officecounts private schools as favoured sponsors) student visas have been tightened. Foreignstudents used to be allowed to work for up to two years after graduating. They now have onlyfour months to find a job paying upwards of 20,600 if they want to stay in Britain.

相比于私立學(xué)校那相當(dāng)寬松的簽證制度(因?yàn)樗搅�學(xué)校是內(nèi)務(wù)部的友好贊助商)，學(xué)生簽證就嚴(yán)格很多。以往，外國(guó)學(xué)生被允許在畢業(yè)之后可工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩年。而如今，若他們想留在英國(guó)，就必須在僅僅四個(gè)月的時(shí)間內(nèi)找到一份薪資高于20,600的工作。

This change was intended to deal with sham colleges that were in effect offering two-year workvisas. But it seems to have put off serious students too. Nick Hillman of the Higher EducationPolicy Institute says the government has sent unclear messages about the sort of immigrationit wants to restrict. An emphasis on holding down net immigration deters young Indians andPakistanis in particular. Australia and America, which have more relaxed entry criteria forstudents, are becoming more favoured destinations. Colin Riordan, Cardiff University's vice-chancellor, adds that Britain's student-visa regime has become more onerous and fiddlyoverall.

這樣的改變是為了應(yīng)對(duì)那些所謂提供兩年工作簽的假冒院校。但是這樣的做法似乎也影響到了真正求學(xué)的學(xué)生。來(lái)自高等教育政策研究所的尼克·希爾曼表示，政府的做法向大眾傳遞了一個(gè)限制留學(xué)移民的模糊信息。英國(guó)著重于控制移民的政策對(duì)來(lái)自印度和巴基斯坦學(xué)生的影響最為嚴(yán)重。同時(shí)，澳大利亞和美國(guó)，因其對(duì)學(xué)生寬松的準(zhǔn)入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而變得倍受青睞�？ǖ俜虼髮W(xué)副校長(zhǎng)克林·里奧丹補(bǔ)充道，英國(guó)的學(xué)生簽證制度變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)格復(fù)雜。

As a result, Britain is losing out to other countries in the contest for talent—an oddity, givenhow often the prime minister bangs on about the “global race”. Its unwelcoming stance willharm its long-term prospects. And the drift of foreign students from leading British privateschools to American colleges may have another, somewhat happier, consequence: Americamight become rather better at cricket.

盡管英國(guó)首相多次強(qiáng)調(diào)“全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”，可英國(guó)卻在人才競(jìng)爭(zhēng)上輸給了其他國(guó)家，多么令人詫異的結(jié)果。它不通人情的態(tài)度將會(huì)有損它未來(lái)的前景。留學(xué)生放棄英國(guó)私立學(xué)校而轉(zhuǎn)向美國(guó)的大學(xué)可能帶來(lái)另外一個(gè)多少讓人欣喜的結(jié)果：英國(guó)的板球都有可能被美國(guó)超越(板球起源于英國(guó))�！�